by Deborah Hanyon, MPH, RDN, ACE-CHC | Mar 17, 2023 | Cooking Tips, Nutrition and Health
There are three (3) types of fats and oils. But what is the difference, and are some all “bad” and some all “good?”
Not really. It's all about balance.
The word “fat” is a general term, the scientific term being “lipid.” Lipids include natural oils, waxes, and steroids. All oils are fats, but not all fats are oils.
Let me explain.
Oils are fats that are liquid at room temperature, because of a higher percentage of monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated fats. The “unsaturated” part is what makes them liquid. Fats are solid at room temperature because of having a higher percentage of saturated fats.
There is no oil or fat that is strictly saturated or unsaturated. All oils and fats are a combination of saturated and unsaturated parts.
The more saturated a particular fat is, the higher the melting point. “Melting point” refers to the temperature at which a substance will melt. For example, butter has a melting point of about 90 degrees F. This is why butter is solid at room temperature. On the other hand, olive oil, which becomes partially solid in the refrigerator (40 degrees F), will melt once you put it at room temperature, around 70 degrees F.
Are some fats healthier than others?
The unsaturated fats are more “heart healthy.” However, our bodies need some saturated fat to be healthy. Thus, limiting your saturated fat to 10% of total calories from fat is considered optimal.
Another crucial point is that certain types of polyunsaturated fats are anti-inflammatory. For example, the omega-3s are anti-inflammatory. In contrast, the omega-6s are proinflammatory, if there are too many of them in the diet. The ratio is important for good health. An ideal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 is about 4:1. Thus, omega-6 fats are essential, but balance is important.
Below is a list of fats/oils that are categorized by the type of fat they are primarily composed of. Fats are not composed of all one or the other. For example, olive oil has 10 grams of monounsaturated, 1 gram of polyunsaturated, and 2 grams of saturated fat. Olive oil starts to get solid in the refrigerator. Canola oil, on the other hand, has 9 grams of monosaturated, 4 grams of polyunsaturated, and 1 gram of saturated fat. Thus, canola oil stays liquid in the refrigerator.
Sources of Mainly Saturated
Butter
Coconut Oil
Lard
Beef Fat or Tallow
Shortening (Artificially Saturated using a scientific process known as “partial hydrogenation”)
Best Sources Monounsaturated
Olive oil
Canola Oil
Avocado Oil
Nut Oils (Almond, Cashew, Macadamia, Pecans)
Peanut Oil (peanuts are classified as legumes/beans)
Best Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated
Fish Oil
Walnut Oil
Flaxseed Oil
Hemp Oil
Perilla Oil (Used in Korean Cuisine)
Chia Seed Oil
Best Sources of Omega-6 Polyunsaturated
Soybean Oil
Corn Oil
In a future article, I will go more in-depth about each individual type of fat. All fats are essential to good health.
I will also discuss in future articles the differences between Omega-6 and Omega-3 oils. They are both important, but ratio DOES matter.
The anti-inflammatory properties of Omega-3s can be therapeutic in treating children with autism and ADHD, especially if they are deficient in the diet. Stay tuned for more…
Other Posts of Interest by Homeschooling Dietitian Mom
Fatty Foods Can Be Healthy
5 Reasons You Should Eat More Fish
Reference
Choose my plate: Oils
by Deborah Hanyon, MPH, RDN, ACE-CHC | Mar 16, 2022 | Nutrition and Health
Before I list the 13 benefits of Omega-3s, let me explain what I mean when I discuss Omega-3s.
Omega-3s are unsaturated fats that are important for good health for everyone. This includes babies, children, and adults. These essential fats are also important for children with special needs such as Autism and ADHD.
Omega-3s reduce the risk of certain diseases in aging adults.
For example, Omega-3s have benefits for persons with conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and macular degeneration.
1. They are essential nutrients.
Omega-3 fats and oils cannot be made in the body, or there is limited production. For example, there are three different omega-3s:
- EPA, which stands for Eicosapentaenoic acid
- DHA, or Docosahexaenoic acid
- and ALA, which stands for Alpha-Linolenic Acid.
DHA can be converted to EPA. Also, ALA can be converted to DHA, but both processes are inefficient.
As a result:
Sufficient amounts of Omega-3s, require consuming adequate amounts in your diet to prevent deficiency.
2. Omega-3 fats are anti-inflammatory.
Inflammation is what your body does in response to injury or sickness. When a part of your body experiences redness, swelling or pain, you are experiencing inflammation.
3. Omega-3 fats work to decrease Inflammation associated with diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disease of inflammation of the joints. And Omega-3s have been shown to decrease the inflammation associated with RA.
4. Omega-3s have been shown to reduce the severity of Macular Degeneration.
In case you aren't familiar, macular degeneration causes age-related loss of sight. This disease has been shown in some studies to improve as a result of omega-3 therapy.
5. Lower risk of death from coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with sufficient amounts of Omega-3s.
For example, CAD is one form of heart disease that is caused by clogged arteries. Omega-3s have been shown to reduce the risk of dying from this CAD.
6. Omega-3s may reduce the risk of stroke.
For example, Ischemic stroke may be reduced as the result of sufficient dietary intake of omega-3s.
7. Omega-3s improve the blood cholesterol profile.
Specifically, Omega-3 supplementation may decrease levels of triglycerides in the blood. They may also decrease HDL, which is considered to be the good cholesterol.
8. Sufficient omega-3 levels are crucial to adequate brain development of babies before and after birth.
9. Additionally, omega-3s enhance immunity in pregnant moms who take omega-3s or eat fish regularly.
In fact, one of the reasons breastmilk is so healthful is because Omega-3s are naturally in breastmilk. The US started fortifying baby formulas in the 1990s for this very reason. Adding omega-3s is another example of how science is doing its best to mimic breastmilk.
10. Omega-3s are associated with a reduced risk of asthma. For example, one study showed this result in teenage children of women who took fish oil during pregnancy.
11. Omega-3s, particularly EPA, may help treat depression in some people.
12. And treatment of ADHD and autism has shown promise, though research is mixed.
13. Research shows that diets high in fish are associated with reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s.
14. Treatment of Type-2 diabetes has shown some promise as well. (Wait that's 14)!
So which omega-3s should you take?
I'm so glad you asked because three different Omega-3 fats must be taken in through the diet. Read below to find out more.
EPA – Eicosapentaenoic acid
Sources
- Fatty fish such as salmon
- Swordfish
- Tuna
- Mackerel
- Supplements
- EPA can be converted from ALA or DHA, but is not efficient.
DHA – Docosahexaenoic acid
Sources
- Fish only (or fish oil supplements)
- Cold-water fish, including mackerel
- Herring
- Tuna
- Halibut
- Salmon
- Cod liver (oil)
- Whale and Seal blubber
- DHA can be converted from ALA in the body but is not an efficient process
Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA)
Sources
- Nuts (particularly black walnuts) and nut butters
- Chia and flax seeds
- Soybean oil
- Canola oil
- Olive oil
- Avocado
Below are three different fish oils we have used, and that I recommend. They are some of the highest quality on the market, and the dosages are not too high. These are Amazon affiliate links.
The one on the left is the one our family takes. We gave our 13-year-old the Carlson Kids Chewable until about six months ago. He really liked them, but I wanted to give him a higher dose. He tried the fish oil in the middle but didn't like it after a while. It is very lemony (and they have orange too), but not sweet at all.
For Further Study
5 Reasons Why You Should Eat More Fish
Does Food Affect Autism?
Information on DHA from Web MD
Introduction to Omega-3s
US Dietary Guidelines
Who Needs Omega-3s?
3 Types of omega-3s
6 Symptoms of Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency
Seafood Intake of Americans and Recommendations
