It is much less common for kids living in developed countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and Europe to be deficient in protein. But it is a risk that should be taken seriously, especially if you have a picky eater in your house. Knowing why protein is important is the first step to understanding the potential severity of protein deficiency, especially to growing children, and pregnant and breastfeeding women. Educating yourself on which foods are high in protein as well as how much protein is needed during different life stages will help you prevent protein deficiency from being an issue in your family's home.
There are many reasons why protein is important to a person's diet.
The body uses protein to make antibodies, which are important for a strong immune system.
Protein is necessary to produce enzymes. Enzymes are the chemicals that break down foods and enable cells to complete chemical reactions in a timely manner.
DNA/RNA synthesis is not possible without certain amino acids that make up proteins.
It is important for the repair of skin, organ and other tissues and cells, including hair. It is also important for maintaining fluid balance in the blood, and for properly functioning enzymes and hormones. In fact, enzymes and hormones ARE proteins.
Higher amounts of protein are required when a person is sick or recovering from an illness. Also, when a woman is pregnant or breastfeeding, protein requirements are increased. There is also an increased need for high quality protein when there is damage to the body cells, such as post-op recovery and healing after bones are broken.
Protein makes up 20-30% of muscle, 50% of bones, 20-30% of the liver, 30% of blood, and a substantial percentage of skin and hair.
A good example of the importance of protein AND iron is Hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is the protein in blood responsible for carrying oxygen throughout your body.
Note also that a hemoglobin molecule also contains an iron atom.
So, if there is not enough iron or protein in the diet, there will be insufficient hemoglobin. This means the ability of the blood to circulate oxygen throughout the body will be depleted. Thus, both Iron and protein are important for healthy blood and a healthy person.
Proteins are made up of amino acids which are the building blocks of life.
Amino acids are necessary to build healthy muscles, and for proper nerve function.
If there is a protein deficiency in the diet, there could be:
Stunted growth
Poor muscle mass
Edema (water retention in cells)
Thin and fragile hair
Extreme cases of Protein Malnutrition are called “Kwashiorkor”
Difference Between Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids.
Essential amino acids must be eaten through foods in your diet, and non-essential amino acids do not.
The following are the eight essential amino acids that must be taken in through the diet.
Tryptophan is a precursor to the important neurotransmitter serotonin. It has been shown to help some migraine sufferers who get what are known as “serotonin headaches,” though evidence is conflicting. Food sources include beef, turkey, chicken, flax seeds, almonds, eggs, and English walnuts.
Tyrosine is important for making sure the brain is producing adequate amounts of the feel-good neurotransmitters L-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (adrenalin). It is also important for proper thyroid function and healthy skin. Foods rich in tyrosine include whole grains, oats, pork, milk, cheese, and other dairy products, soy foods, including tofu, avocadoes, and bananas.
Valine is essential for proper organ function, especially the liver and gall bladder. This amino acid is also important for balancing nitrogen levels in the body. Valine deficiency could lead to myelin sheath damage (the myelin sheath protects nerve cells), which in turn could lead to nerve damage. Foods rich in valine include tuna, snapper, cheese, soy protein, chicken, and nuts.
Isoleucine is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, a major constituent of red blood cells. It is also important for stabilizing blood sugar and energy levels. Isoleucine is found alongside valine in many foods, including soy protein, chicken, lentils, chickpeas (garbanzo beans), and liver.
4 More Reasons Why Protein is Important
Leucine is important for growth and repair of muscle and bone tissue, and for wound healing. Leucine is also important in helping to stabilize blood sugar levels and for Growth hormone production. The best food sources of leucine are animal protein. The best non-animal protein sources are nuts and seeds.
Lysine is necessary for preventing glycation, which is the sticking together of sugar molecules with protein molecules without proper enzyme regulation. The result is what are known as “glycation end products (AGEs).” It is also important for proper growth, and for keeping cholesterol levels down. Lysine is found in foods such as soy products, chicken and milk.
Methionine is a supplier of sulfur, which is necessary for collagen production. Collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in the body, and is important for healthy bones, skin, hair, and nails. Methionine also has a fat dissolving effect and helps to prevent fatty liver. This amino acid is a building block in the synthesis of other proteins such as carnitine, melatonin, and glutathione. Food sources of methionine include nuts, eggs, beef, sesame seeds, Brazil nuts, and fish. Unfortunately, extraordinarily little methionine is found in fruits and vegetables.
Phenylalanine: There are two forms of Phenylalanine, L-Phenylalanine and D-Phenylalanine. It is the L form that is an essential amino acid and that must be taken in through the diet. L-Phenylalanine is important to produce Tyrosine, another essential amino acid, as well as serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine, the feel-good neurotransmitters. Food sources include pork, chicken and turkey, yogurt, cheese, and milk.
Phenylketonuria
There is a medical condition known as “Phenylketonuria” or “PKU.” This is a genetic disorder that results in a person not being able to breakdown phenylalanine. This has hampered studies done on the effectiveness of phenylalanine for treatment of certain other disorders including depression.
There is a third category of “Conditionally essential” amino acids that applies to exceptional circumstances. For example, babies born prematurely sometimes cannot synthesize them. The conditionally essential amino acids are Arginine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, and Tyrosine. I will talk about this in another post.
Click Here for a free printable handout that shows the recommended minimum protein intake for kids as well as a brief list of the best sources of high-quality protein.
Of all of the superfoods, blueberries are one of my favorites. And living in Oregon, we sure do get plenty of them. But what exactly makes blueberries superfoods? And what are some of the ways you can eat them?
Here are at least 5 reasons blueberries are superfoods.
Interesting facts about blueberries:
More species of blueberries exist in North America than in any other continent in the world.
Blueberries have the highest antioxidant capacity of any of the popular fruits and vegetables.
Specifically, blueberries are rich in the phytonutrients known as anthocyanins.
Antioxidants are just what they say they are: “anti”, meaning they work against, “oxidation.”
Oxidation is a process that results in the breakdown of cells. For example, the reason bananas, apples, and potatoes become brown when open to the air is because of oxidation.
Thus, antioxidants prevent cell damage in the body, an example of which is cancer.
Blueberries are an excellent way to reduce your risk of cancer and other age-related diseases.
Blueberries are low in calories. One cup only contains about 80 calories.
These tasty fruits are a good source of fiber, providing 4 grams per serving.
They are also high in vitamin C and a good source of potassium.
As with all fruit, blueberries are high in water (85%). Thus, blueberries hydrate your body naturally.
Blueberries taste delicious and make many other foods more tasty. For example, add some blueberries to your pancake or waffle batter the next time you're fixing breakfast. Or just add the blueberries on top.
Add blueberries to your favorite smoothie in the morning. You can freeze blueberries to increase their shelf life. This is great in the summer because the coldness of frozen berries makes the smoothie more refreshing on a hot summer day.
Add them to your favorite cereal or to plain yogurt to spruce them up AND make them more nutritious.
This is at least 5 Reasons why blueberries are superfoods. Can you think of any more reasons?
Most fruits are high in vitamin C. Vitamin C is important for wound healing and for preventing colds and other infectious illnesses. Vitamin C is good for the immune system. Fruits especially high in vitamin c are melons, including cantaloupe and watermelon, mango and papaya, all citrus fruits, including lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruit, berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries), and pineapple.
Whole Fruit is a good source of fiber. Since most kids will eat fruit, this is an easy way to increase fiber intake and help to prevent digestion issues such as constipation. Fruits highest in fiber include unpeeled pears, apples, figs, dates, apricots, raisins, and plums/prunes.
Fruit is an excellent way to add water/fluid to your diet without having to actually drink water. It can be difficult to get kids to drink enough water, especially in the winter. Eating whole fruits will help to prevent dehydration. Fruits especially high in fluids are melons and grapes.
Because fruit is sweet, it can help curb a sweet tooth. Thus, you are less likely to give in to the less healthy sweets such as cookies and candy. If you're having a sweet tooth, pretty much any fruit will help you satisfy that craving.
Fruit is an excellent source of folate. Folate is important for healthy blood and a healthy baby. Strawberries, oranges, papaya, bananas and grapefruit are excellent sources of folate.
As some of you already know, I've been keeping track of my calorie (and nutrient) intake on and off for years. One of the things I have more recently discovered while doing this is that I hardly ever hit the 3500 mg goal. This is true even on days when I've eaten cantaloupe, bananas, grapes, and oranges.
So, what do I do to make sure I'm eating fruits every day? I find it helpful to wash fruit and put it into a bowl as soon as I get it home from the grocery store. This makes it much more likely that I will eat the fruit instead of some less healthy alternative.
I've also worked to reduce the amount of “other less healthy alternatives” available in the house. Since, I don't live alone, I find that putting the fruits on the counter in the kitchen, on the dinner table, or in front in the refrigerator (and hiding the other stuff!) also encourages more fruit eating for everyone.
Here is a list of other ideas to help encourage more WHOLE fruit intake (as opposed to juice)
Remember that when fresh fruits are in season, not only are they less expensive, but they usually taste better. So, this is a good time to try something new
It's okay to purchase fruits that are dried, frozen, and canned (in water or 100% juice) as well as fresh, especially since fresh may not be available.
Whole fruit is higher in fiber and contains nutrients that are stripped during the juicing process. So, although some juice is okay, whole fruit is much better for you.
At breakfast, add your favorite fruits such as bananas, peaches, strawberries and blueberries to cereal, pancakes or waffles.
Try to always drink 100% juice. if it doesn't say, “100% Juice” on the label, It isn't.
Add fruit to your yogurt, and remember that favorite fruits make great snacks.
Add your favorite fruit to lunch boxes. If you don't have time or don't enjoy cutting fruit, use individual containers of fruits like peaches or applesauce are easy to carry and convenient for lunch.
At dinner, add crushed pineapple to coleslaw or include orange sections, dried cranberries, or grapes in a tossed salad. Try fruit salsa on top of fish.
During the summer, have a canning party to preserve favorite fruits that aren't available during the colder months. For example, we have jarred peaches that we canned in the summer. They are delicious!
Make fruit breads and fruit pies using fresh fruit, for example we just made “Gluten-Free Blueberry Banana Bread.” We used 3 bananas and 1 cup blueberries in the recipe, and it was delicious!
Here is a delicious recipe I have been making for years:
This delicious, colorful fruit salad is sure to win the hearts of many including your kids.Though the original recipe is for everything to be mixed together, it's okay to serve fruits in separate bowls/plates for children with sensory issues or for toddlers and other young children.
Prep Time20 minutesmins
Cook Time5 minutesmins
Total Time25 minutesmins
Course: Salad
Cuisine: American
Keyword: healthy, kid friendly recipes, recipes kids love
Servings: 4Servings
Calories: 172kcal
Author: Betty Crocker
Ingredients
4cupsCut up fruit4 different colors is best
2 tbspLime JuiceFresh is best
2 tbspHoney
1/4 teaspoonpoppy seedFound in Spice Aisle of most grocery stores
1teaspooncorn starch
Instructions
Just before adding dressing:Cut up 4 (four) cups of desired fruits.To make Dressing:Mix lime juice, honey, cornstarch and poppy seed in small saucepan. Heat, stirring constantly until mixture thickens and boils. Usually no more than 5 minutes. Cool 5 minutes.Toss dressing with fruit and serve. Recipe can easily be doubled or tripled as needed.
Notes
Fruit Combination ideas:Red apples, bananas, oranges, green grapesBlueberries, cantaloupe, honeydew, strawberriesKiwifruit, bananas, red grapes, pineappleStrawberries, blueberries, apricots, peachesNectarines, peaches, plums, strawberriesRaspberries, peaches, bananas, kiwifruit
I recently released my UPDATED “Meal Planning for Kids” curriculum, which teaches kids Healthy eating on a Budget. In this curriculum, children Pre-K through 12th grade learn foundational nutrition science while having fun.
The prevalence of obesity decreases with increasing level of education of the household head among children and adolescents aged 2-19 years. (Reference above).
As I am sure you already realize, knowing how to eat healthy and stay on a budget can be a challenging skill to learn. But it is SO important! By instructing your children through this curriculum,
You will be educating your children on creating a real-life budget based on real prices at a real grocery store.
It doesn't get any more practical than that!
Your children aren't going to simply create a budget, however. They are going to create a budget that is nutritionally adequate, calorie-appropriate, and delicious for the entire family.
One of the assignments for the curriculum is to create a 2-day menu or meal plan for a family of four. However, it can be adjusted, depending on your family's size. This is just ONE of the many assignments you will be able to schedule for your kids to do.
I am master's degree-level Registered Dietitian and I studied Public Health for my master's degree. Thus, I think it's important to focus on prevention. For example, teaching kids behaviors and choices that will lead to a healthy weight and a healthy body. When a person grows up with a healthy weight and body, they are less likely to develop diseases such as Diabetes and Hypertension.
Note, however, that this curriculumis not weight-focused. This is simply one example of how it can be applied.
My overriding goal is to teach kids important health science and nutrition principles that meet scholastic requirements and build life-long skills. And “Meal Planning for Kids” will help them to achieve health and well-being as adults.
Kids also develop research and writing skills, critical thinking, and budgeting while completing this curriculum.
LOTS of hands-on, practical activities are included in this 147-page curriculum package.
Activities include real-life skills. For example, how to pick the best, most nutritious foods, at the best price, while at the real supermarket. Kids will also learn what goes on behind the scenes at the grocery store, what influences prices, and more.
Once kids complete this course, they will be proficient at planning a menu for an entire family.
Plus, this curriculum assists kids in gaining valuable experience working as a team.
“Meal Planning for Kids” is appropriate for preschoolers, elementary, middle, and high schoolers.
So, if you have multiples,“Meal Planning for Kids” is an economical way to meet health science requirements for all the kids in your family, pre-K through 12th grade.
High school kids (9th-12th grade) who spend at least 150 hours completing this course (which is absolutely possible considering the amount of work included), will earn 1 full unit of high school credit.
Included with this thorough course is aBonus Activity Book which enhances the health science activities in the main course, allowing for further collaboration and time spent on subject. A $5.00 value.
*I have included in the BONUS section, the Entire set of FDA-created materials (complete with tables and a glossary) that will allow for your children to complete the questions I have included related to vitamins, minerals, label reading, the several types of carbohydrates (sugars, sugar alcohols, fiber), fats (saturated, unsaturated, trans-fat), proteins, sodium, cholesterol, and more. This will make it easier for your students to answer the lengthy and involved questions I have created to go with the FDA-created materials. (These questions could satisfy college requirements as well).
Meal Planning for Kids is a digital download/printable type course. 147 pages
Recipes High in Iron and Vitamin C – Who is at Risk of Iron Deficiency? There are at least seven (7) groups of people at risk for Iron Deficiency anemia.
I previously talked about the importance of protein as well as the importance of iron in your child's diet. Today, I will discuss how to increase the ability of your body to absorb and use iron in the foods you eat. First, let's review the groups of people at risk for iron deficiency.
7 Groups of People at Risk for Iron Deficiency
Pre-Term Infants
Premature babies are at risk for iron deficiency. This is because the unborn infant stores the largest amount of iron in the last trimester of gestation. Thus, babies born prior to the end of the 9th month have less iron available to use after birth.
Unfortunately, premature babies are also at risk for iron overload. So, it is important to talk to a doctor before giving an iron supplement to a preterm baby.
Young Children
Young children are growing quickly, and their iron needs are increased. Often their intake is inadequate as well. This puts them at risk for iron deficiency. Click Here for a list of Foods That Are High in Iron.
Cow's Milk Should be Treated as a Food
Toddlers are especially at risk of iron deficiency if kept on the bottle longer than 12 months. This is because babies are usually given cow's milk starting at 1 year of age. Cow's milk has no iron and is high in calories. Whole milk, which is recommend until 2 years of age, has 150 calories in one cup. If formula is replaced by cow's milk and is put in the bottle, the young child will usually consume too much milk. This will fill him or her up.
The toddler will then not want to eat other foods, including foods high in iron.
To make matters worse, an excess of cow's milk will interfere with the absorption of iron that is eaten. Thus, it is important to wean your baby off the bottle by 12 months old.
Teenage Girls
Teen girls often limit their diet to stay thin. In addition, the start of menstruation increases the amount of iron lost and the amount of iron that is needed in the diet. Ensuring plenty of iron rich foods will help to reduce risk of anemia and the complications associated with anemia.
Pregnant Women
Iron needs increase during pregnancy because mom is eating for two! Doctors will usually recommend a Multivitamin with Iron and Folate to ensure proper nutrition.
Congestive Heart Failure Patients
The reasons why are unclear. However, it is true that when heart failure is present, the heart is not pumping blood as efficiently. Also, inflammation is present. Sufficient nutrient intake is essential during this process. Thus, the person with heart failure will most likely be taking supplements as ordered by their doctor or dietitian.
Persons with Digestive Diseases Including Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
A healthy digestive system is essential for adequate nutrient absorption. With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease, the ability to absorb nutrients is decreased. Also, the amount of nutrients lost is increased. People with these diseases are usually supplemented with iron and other important nutrients to help improve nutritional status.
Vegetarians
When a person is on a vegetarian diet, careful planning is required to ensure enough iron is taken in. It is important to remember that eggs, beans, grains, spinach, nuts and seeds are non-heme sources of iron. Non-heme iron is less readily absorbed by the body than heme sources of iron. Also, most non-heme sources of iron are high in phytic acid. Phytic acid inhibits absorption of iron. Thus, vegetarians need to consume higher amounts of iron to compensate for decreased absorption of non-heme iron as well as presence of phytic acid.
Combining Vitamin C Rich Foods with Vegetarian Iron Sources Will Increase the Amount of Iron that is Absorbed.
For example, when serving bean burritos, add homemade salsa to increase iron absorption.
This homemade salsa is made with fresh tomatoes, onions, jalapeno peppers, and cilantro, and is rich in Vitamin C. Combining this recipe with bean burritos (or other meat burritos or tacos) will increase the iron in the foods served with (beans, tortillas, chicken).
Prep Time15 minutesmins
Total Time15 minutesmins
Course: Appetizer, Side Dish, Snack
Cuisine: Mexican
Keyword: easy, healthy
Servings: 8Servings
Calories: 8kcal
Author: Deborah Hanyon, MPH, RDN, ACE-CHC
Ingredients
1cupRoma Tomatoesabout 2 large, diced
1/4cupOnionsdiced
2tbspCilantrofinely chopped
1wholeJalapeno or AnaheimJalapeno (Medium Heat); Anaheim (Mild Heat)
1tbspLemon Juice
1/2teaspoonSaltTo taste
Instructions
Chop all vegetables to desired size (remove seeds from pepper) 2) Add lemon juice and salt 3) Mix all ingredients together4) Chill 2 hours and Serve
Add oil to pan and heat 2) Saute onion, garlic, bell pepper and tomato until vegetables are tender, 10 minutes or so 3) Add 1/4 cup water and chicken 4) Mix and heat through 5) Serve on corn or flour tortillas with cheese, lettuce, fresh salsa or other favorite toppings.
Nathan won't eat tomatoes in most things. However, he likes this recipe if we serve it on a tortilla with cheese. It makes me so happy to know that I figured out another way to sneak in some healthy vegetables. This increases the number of vegetables he is eating. Plus, it adds variety to his limited diet.
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grocery store.
High school kids (9th-12th grade) who spend at least 150 hours completing this course (which is absolutely possible considering the amount of work included), will earn 1 full unit of high school credit.
Chicken and tomatoes
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